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Estudio preliminar de pacientes con diagnóstico de osteoartritis en servicio de atención ambulatoria del Centro de Reumatología
Resumen
La osteoartritis o artrosis es una condición de distribución mundial y su prevalencia aumenta de forma geométrica con la edad. Al cierre del 2005 estaba afectando a 27 millones de adultos en los Estados Unidos. Se realiza un estudio preliminar, epidemiológico, prospectivo, basado en pacientes, que de modo consecutivo, acudieron al servicio de atención ambulatoria del Centro de Reumatología, Habana, en el periodo de un año (noviembre 2012 - noviembre 2013). El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar el comportamiento de algunos datos epidemiológicos en pacientes atendidos en atención ambulatoria en el periodo de un año, a saber: forma clínica de presentación de acuerdo a la clasificación de la osteoartritis, frecuencia de articulaciones más afectadas, frecuencia del patrón radiológico grado 4 de kellgren y Lawrence según articulación y tipo de osteoartritis y obesidad, como comorbilidad asociada. Resultados: fueron incluidos 202 pacientes. Las articulaciones más afectadas fueron: rodilla; 83 (41 %), columna cervical 79 (39 %). El grado radiológico 4 de kellgren y Lawrence se halló en 21 casos (10.3 %), con mayor frecuencia en la osteoartritis primaria y en articulación. de rodilla. La obesidad se constató en 55 pacientes con osteoartritis; 27.2 %. Conclusiones: La osteoartritis aumenta su frecuencia en las etapas más avanzadas de la vida. Hubo franco predominio de la osteoartritis primaria. Las articulaciones que con más frecuencia se afectaron fueron: rodillas y columna cervical, con predominio en el sexo femenino. El grado 4 radiológico de kellgren y Lawrence prevaleció en la artrosis primaria y rodilla.
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