Clinical, echocardiographic and blood analysis characterization of Kawasaki disease.
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limited vasculitis with systemic repercussions, which mainly affects medium-caliber blood vessels. It is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children.
Objective: To characterize KD in the child population of Ghardaia, Algeria, from a clinical, echocardiographic and analytical point of view.
Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study, January 2023-December 2024, pediatric service of the EHS "Gueddi Bakir". The target population consisted of the 25 patients admitted for KD during the study period. The variables studied: age, sex, clinical manifestations, cardiac condition, echocardiographic findings and blood tests. Descriptive statistics, absolute frequency and relative percentages, ratio, arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
Results: Total patients 25, 64.00% male and 36.00% female, 44.00% were between 1-3 years old. 100.00% had fever for more than five days, 92.00% had alterations of the labial mucosa, 80.00% had conjunctivitis and 76.00% had rash. The complete clinical form was observed in 76.00% of the cases. Coronary artery dilation/ectasia was an echocardiographic finding in 24.00%.
Conclusions: The incidence of Kawasaki disease was higher in children under three years of age and males. All patients presented fever associated with most of the main clinical manifestations, complete clinical presentation predominated. The murmur of mitral regurgitation and dilation/ectasia of the coronary arteries were the most frequent cardiac affections. Elevation of CRP and acceleration of ESR were common alterations.
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