Osteoporosis, caídas y fractura de cadera. Tres eventos de repercusión en el anciano
Keywords:
Osteoporosis, caídas, fractura de caderaAbstract
Introducción: Estos eventos nos motivaron a realizar esta revisión por constituir una preocupación para la población geriátrica y sus familiares.
Objetivos: Identificar y controlar los factores de riesgo para la disminución de su prevalencia.
Método: Realizada una revisión de la bibliografía actualizada para conocer comportamiento a nivel mundial.
Resultados: En la osteoporosis los factores que afectan negativamente son la influencia genética, la alimentación durante la infancia y adolescencia, consumo de alimentos pobres en calcio y el mal manejo de las situaciones con altos requerimientos de calcio como el embarazo y la lactancia, menopausia, antecedentes familiares de Osteoporosis, el hipoestrogenismo temprano, sedentarismo, los hábitos tóxicos y el consumo de medicamentos. Las caídas pueden ser provocadas por causas intrínsecas, extrínsecas o ambientales y la mayoría de las fracturas de cadera son secundarias a los procesos anteriores, se asume, que se trata de fracturas de causa osteoporótica y la tendencia actual es hacia el incremento de estas cifras al ir en aumento la expectativa de vida de la población cubana, creando alta dependencia y repercusión en la dinámica familiar.
Conclusiones: Por múltiples razones hay un aumento de estos sucesos, que repercuten seriamente en la calidad de vida del nuestros ancianos. Recomendaciones: Iniciar, orientar y organizar procesos que promuevan experiencias educativas capaces de influir favorablemente en los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas del individuo y las familias respecto a este problema de salud.
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